Keluaran 6:26
Konteks6:26 It was the same Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their regiments.” 1
Nehemia 9:9-14
Konteks9:9 “You saw the affliction of our ancestors in Egypt, and you heard their cry at the Red Sea. 2 9:10 You performed awesome signs 3 against Pharaoh, against his servants, and against all the people of his land, for you knew that the Egyptians 4 had acted presumptuously 5 against them. You made for yourself a name that is celebrated to this day. 9:11 You split the sea before them, and they crossed through 6 the sea on dry ground! But you threw their pursuers 7 into the depths, like a stone into surging 8 waters. 9:12 You guided them with a pillar of cloud by day and with a pillar of fire by night to illumine for them the path they were to travel.
9:13 “You came down on Mount Sinai and spoke with them from heaven. You provided them with just judgments, true laws, and good statutes and commandments. 9:14 You made known to them your holy Sabbath; you issued commandments, statutes, and law to them through 9 Moses your servant.
Mazmur 77:19-20
Konteks77:19 You walked through the sea; 10
you passed through the surging waters, 11
but left no footprints. 12
77:20 You led your people like a flock of sheep,
by the hand of Moses and Aaron.
Mazmur 78:12-72
Konteks78:12 He did amazing things in the sight of their ancestors,
in the land of Egypt, in the region of Zoan. 13
78:13 He divided the sea and led them across it;
he made the water stand in a heap.
78:14 He led them with a cloud by day,
and with the light of a fire all night long.
78:15 He broke open rocks in the wilderness,
and gave them enough water to fill the depths of the sea. 14
78:16 He caused streams to flow from the rock,
and made the water flow like rivers.
78:17 Yet they continued to sin against him,
and rebelled against the sovereign One 15 in the desert.
78:18 They willfully challenged God 16
by asking for food to satisfy their appetite.
78:19 They insulted God, saying, 17
“Is God really able to give us food 18 in the wilderness?
78:20 Yes, 19 he struck a rock and water flowed out,
streams gushed forth.
But can he also give us food?
Will he provide meat for his people?”
78:21 When 20 the Lord heard this, he was furious.
A fire broke out against Jacob,
and his anger flared up 21 against Israel,
78:22 because they did not have faith in God,
and did not trust his ability to deliver them. 22
78:23 He gave a command to the clouds above,
and opened the doors in the sky.
78:24 He rained down manna for them to eat;
he gave them the grain of heaven. 23
78:25 Man ate the food of the mighty ones. 24
He sent them more than enough to eat. 25
78:26 He brought the east wind through the sky,
and by his strength led forth the south wind.
78:27 He rained down meat on them like dust,
birds as numerous as the sand on the seashores. 26
78:28 He caused them to fall right in the middle of their camp,
all around their homes.
78:29 They ate until they were stuffed; 27
he gave them what they desired.
78:30 They were not yet filled up, 28
their food was still in their mouths,
78:31 when the anger of God flared up against them.
He killed some of the strongest of them;
he brought the young men of Israel to their knees.
78:32 Despite all this, they continued to sin,
and did not trust him to do amazing things. 29
78:33 So he caused them to die unsatisfied 30
and filled with terror. 31
78:34 When he struck them down, 32 they sought his favor; 33
they turned back and longed for God.
78:35 They remembered that God was their protector, 34
and that the sovereign God was their deliverer. 35
78:36 But they deceived him with their words, 36
and lied to him. 37
78:37 They were not really committed to him, 38
and they were unfaithful to his covenant.
78:38 Yet he is compassionate.
He forgives sin and does not destroy.
He often holds back his anger,
and does not stir up his fury. 39
78:39 He remembered 40 that they were made of flesh,
and were like a wind that blows past and does not return. 41
78:40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness,
and insulted him 42 in the desert!
78:41 They again challenged God, 43
and offended 44 the Holy One of Israel. 45
78:42 They did not remember what he had done, 46
how he delivered them from the enemy, 47
78:43 when he performed his awesome deeds 48 in Egypt,
and his acts of judgment 49 in the region of Zoan.
78:44 He turned their rivers into blood,
and they could not drink from their streams.
78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, 50
as well as frogs that overran their land. 51
78:46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper,
the fruit of their labor to the locust.
78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail,
and their sycamore-fig trees with driving rain.
78:48 He rained hail down on their cattle, 52
and hurled lightning bolts down on their livestock. 53
78:49 His raging anger lashed out against them, 54
He sent fury, rage, and trouble
as messengers who bring disaster. 55
78:50 He sent his anger in full force; 56
he did not spare them from death;
he handed their lives over to destruction. 57
78:51 He struck down all the firstborn in Egypt,
the firstfruits of their reproductive power 58 in the tents of Ham.
78:52 Yet he brought out his people like sheep;
he led them through the wilderness like a flock.
78:53 He guided them safely along,
while the sea covered their enemies.
78:54 He brought them to the border of his holy land,
to this mountainous land 59 which his right hand 60 acquired.
78:55 He drove the nations out from before them;
he assigned them their tribal allotments 61
and allowed the tribes of Israel to settle down. 62
78:56 Yet they challenged and defied 63 the sovereign God, 64
and did not obey 65 his commands. 66
78:57 They were unfaithful 67 and acted as treacherously as 68 their ancestors;
they were as unreliable as a malfunctioning bow. 69
78:58 They made him angry with their pagan shrines, 70
and made him jealous with their idols.
78:59 God heard and was angry;
he completely rejected Israel.
78:60 He abandoned 71 the sanctuary at Shiloh,
the tent where he lived among men.
78:61 He allowed the symbol of his strong presence to be captured; 72
he gave the symbol of his splendor 73 into the hand of the enemy. 74
78:62 He delivered his people over to the sword,
and was angry with his chosen nation. 75
78:63 Fire consumed their 76 young men,
and their 77 virgins remained unmarried. 78
78:64 Their 79 priests fell by the sword,
but their 80 widows did not weep. 81
78:65 But then the Lord awoke from his sleep; 82
he was like a warrior in a drunken rage. 83
78:66 He drove his enemies back;
he made them a permanent target for insults. 84
78:67 He rejected the tent of Joseph;
he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim.
78:68 He chose the tribe of Judah,
and Mount Zion, which he loves.
78:69 He made his sanctuary as enduring as the heavens above; 85
as secure as the earth, which he established permanently. 86
78:70 He chose David, his servant,
and took him from the sheepfolds.
78:71 He took him away from following the mother sheep, 87
and made him the shepherd of Jacob, his people,
and of Israel, his chosen nation. 88
78:72 David 89 cared for them with pure motives; 90
he led them with skill. 91
Mazmur 99:6
Konteks99:6 Moses and Aaron were among his priests;
Samuel was one of those who prayed to him. 92
They 93 prayed to the Lord and he answered them.
Mazmur 105:26
Konteks105:26 He sent his servant Moses,
and Aaron, whom he had chosen.
Mazmur 105:41
Konteks105:41 He opened up a rock and water flowed out;
a river ran through dry regions.
Yesaya 63:7-14
Konteks63:7 I will tell of the faithful acts of the Lord,
of the Lord’s praiseworthy deeds.
I will tell about all 94 the Lord did for us,
the many good things he did for the family of Israel, 95
because of 96 his compassion and great faithfulness.
63:8 He said, “Certainly they will be my people,
children who are not disloyal.” 97
He became their deliverer.
63:9 Through all that they suffered, he suffered too. 98
The messenger sent from his very presence 99 delivered them.
In his love and mercy he protected 100 them;
he lifted them up and carried them throughout ancient times. 101
63:10 But they rebelled and offended 102 his holy Spirit, 103
so he turned into an enemy
and fought against them.
63:11 His people remembered the ancient times. 104
Where is the one who brought them up out of the sea,
along with the shepherd of 105 his flock?
Where is the one who placed his holy Spirit among them, 106
63:12 the one who made his majestic power available to Moses, 107
who divided the water before them,
gaining for himself a lasting reputation, 108
63:13 who led them through the deep water?
Like a horse running on flat land 109 they did not stumble.
63:14 Like an animal that goes down into a valley to graze, 110
so the Spirit of the Lord granted them rest.
In this way 111 you guided your people,
gaining for yourself an honored reputation. 112
Hosea 12:13
Konteks12:13 The Lord brought Israel out of Egypt by a prophet,
and due to a prophet 113 Israel 114 was preserved alive. 115
Mikha 6:4
Konteks6:4 In fact, I brought you up from the land of Egypt,
I delivered you from that place of slavery.
I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to lead you. 116
[6:26] 1 tn Or “by their hosts” or “by their armies.” Often translated “hosts” (ASV, NASB) or “armies” (KJV), צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) is a military term that portrays the people of God in battle array. In contemporary English, “regiment” is perhaps more easily understood as a force for battle than “company” (cf. NAB, NRSV) or “division” (NIV, NCV, NLT), both of which can have commercial associations. The term also implies an orderly departure.
[9:9] 2 tn Heb “the Sea of Reeds.” Traditionally this is identified as the Red Sea, and the modern designation has been used in the translation for clarity.
[9:10] 3 tn Heb “signs and wonders.” This phrase is a hendiadys. The second noun functions adjectivally, while the first noun retains its full nominal sense: “awesome signs” or “miraculous signs.”
[9:10] 4 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:10] 5 tn Or “arrogantly” (so NASB); NRSV “insolently.”
[9:11] 6 tn Heb “in the midst of.”
[9:11] 7 tn Heb “those who pursued them.”
[9:14] 9 tn Heb “by the hand of.”
[77:19] 10 tn Heb “in the sea [was] your way.”
[77:19] 11 tn Heb “and your paths [were] in the mighty waters.”
[77:19] 12 tn Heb “and your footprints were not known.”
[78:12] 13 sn The region of Zoan was located in the Egyptian delta, where the enslaved Israelites lived (see Num 13:22; Isa 19:11, 13; 30:4; Ezek 30:14).
[78:15] 14 tn Heb “and caused them to drink, like the depths, abundantly.”
[78:17] 15 tn Heb “rebelling [against] the Most High.”
[78:18] 16 tn Heb “and they tested God in their heart.” The “heart” is viewed here as the center of their volition.
[78:19] 17 tn Heb “they spoke against God, they said.”
[78:19] 18 tn Heb “to arrange a table [for food].”
[78:21] 20 tn Heb “therefore.”
[78:21] 21 tn Heb “and also anger went up.”
[78:22] 22 tn Heb “and they did not trust his deliverance.”
[78:24] 23 sn Manna was apparently shaped like a seed (Exod 16:31), perhaps explaining why it is here compared to grain.
[78:25] 24 sn Because of the reference to “heaven” in the preceding verse, it is likely that mighty ones refers here to the angels of heaven. The LXX translates “angels” here, as do a number of modern translations (NEB, NIV, NRSV).
[78:25] 25 tn Heb “provision he sent to them to satisfaction.”
[78:27] 26 tn Heb “and like the sand of the seas winged birds.”
[78:29] 27 tn Heb “and they ate and were very satisfied.”
[78:30] 28 tn Heb “they were not separated from their desire.”
[78:32] 29 tn Heb “and did not believe in his amazing deeds.”
[78:33] 30 tn Heb “and he ended in vanity their days.”
[78:33] 31 tn Heb “and their years in terror.”
[78:34] 32 tn Or “killed them,” that is, killed large numbers of them.
[78:34] 33 tn Heb “they sought him.”
[78:35] 34 tn Heb “my high rocky summit.”
[78:35] 35 tn Heb “and [that] God Most High [was] their redeemer.”
[78:36] 36 tn Heb “with their mouth.”
[78:36] 37 tn Heb “and with their tongue they lied to him.”
[78:37] 38 tn Heb “and their heart was not firm with him.”
[78:38] 39 tn One could translate v. 38 in the past tense (“he was compassionate…forgave sin and did not destroy…held back his anger, and did not stir up his fury”), but the imperfect verbal forms are probably best understood as generalizing. Verse 38 steps back briefly from the narrational summary of Israel’s history and lays the theological basis for v. 39, which focuses on God’s mercy toward sinful Israel.
[78:39] 40 tn The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive signals a return to the narrative.
[78:39] 41 tn Heb “and he remembered that they [were] flesh, a wind [that] goes and does not return.”
[78:40] 42 tn Or “caused him pain.”
[78:41] 43 tn Heb “and they returned and tested God.” The Hebrew verb שׁוּב (shuv, “to return”) is used here in an adverbial sense to indicate that an earlier action was repeated.
[78:41] 44 tn Or “wounded, hurt.” The verb occurs only here in the OT.
[78:41] 45 sn The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The Lord’s holiness is first and foremost his transcendent sovereignty as the ruler of the world. He is “set apart” from the world over which he rules. At the same time his holiness encompasses his moral authority, which derives from his royal position. As king he has the right to dictate to his subjects how they are to live; indeed his very own character sets the standard for proper behavior. This expression is a common title for the
[78:42] 46 tn Heb “his hand,” symbolizing his saving activity and strength, as the next line makes clear.
[78:42] 47 tn Heb “[the] day [in] which he ransomed them from [the] enemy.”
[78:43] 48 tn Or “signs” (see Ps 65:8).
[78:43] 49 tn Or “portents, omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are referred to here (see vv. 44-51).
[78:45] 50 tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”
[78:45] 51 tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”
[78:48] 52 tn Heb “and he turned over to the hail their cattle.”
[78:48] 53 tn Heb “and their livestock to the flames.” “Flames” here refer to the lightning bolts that accompanied the storm.
[78:49] 54 tn Heb “he sent against them the rage of his anger.” The phrase “rage of his anger” employs an appositional genitive. Synonyms are joined in a construct relationship to emphasize the single idea. For a detailed discussion of the grammatical point with numerous examples, see Y. Avishur, “Pairs of Synonymous Words in the Construct State (and in Appositional Hendiadys) in Biblical Hebrew,” Semitics 2 (1971): 17-81.
[78:49] 55 tn Heb “fury and indignation and trouble, a sending of messengers of disaster.”
[78:50] 56 tn Heb “he leveled a path for his anger.” There were no obstacles to impede its progress; it moved swiftly and destructively.
[78:50] 57 tn Or perhaps “[the] plague.”
[78:51] 58 tn Heb “the beginning of strength.” If retained, the plural form אוֹנִים (’onim, “strength”) probably indicates degree (“great strength”), but many ancient witnesses read “their strength,” which presupposes an emendation to אֹנָם (’onam; singular form of the noun with third masculine plural pronominal suffix).
[78:54] 59 tn Heb “this mountain.” The whole land of Canaan seems to be referred to here. In Exod 15:17 the promised land is called the “mountain of your [i.e., God’s] inheritance.”
[78:54] 60 tn The “right hand” here symbolizes God’s military strength (see v. 55).
[78:55] 61 tn Heb “he caused to fall [to] them with a measuring line an inheritance.”
[78:55] 62 tn Heb “and caused the tribes of Israel to settle down in their tents.”
[78:56] 63 tn Or “tested and rebelled against.”
[78:56] 64 tn Heb “God, the Most High.”
[78:56] 66 tn Heb “his testimonies” (see Ps 25:10).
[78:57] 67 tn Heb “they turned back.”
[78:57] 68 tn Or “acted treacherously like.”
[78:57] 69 tn Heb “they turned aside like a deceitful bow.”
[78:58] 70 tn Traditionally, “high places.”
[78:61] 72 tn Heb “and he gave to captivity his strength.” The expression “his strength” refers metonymically to the ark of the covenant, which was housed in the tabernacle at Shiloh.
[78:61] 73 tn Heb “and his splendor into the hand of an enemy.” The expression “his splendor” also refers metonymically to the ark of the covenant.
[78:61] 74 sn Verses 60-61 refer to the Philistines’ capture of the ark in the days of Eli (1 Sam 4:1-11).
[78:62] 75 tn Heb “his inheritance.”
[78:63] 76 tn Heb “his.” The singular pronominal suffix is collective, referring back to God’s “people” (v. 62).
[78:63] 77 tn Heb “his.” The singular pronominal suffix is collective, referring back to God’s “people” (v. 62).
[78:63] 78 tn Heb “were not praised,” that is, in wedding songs. The young men died in masses, leaving no husbands for the young women.
[78:64] 79 tn Heb “his.” The singular pronominal suffix is collective, referring back to God’s “people” (v. 62).
[78:64] 80 tn Heb “his.” The singular pronominal suffix is collective, referring back to God’s “people” (v. 62).
[78:64] 81 sn Because of the invading army and the ensuing panic, the priests’ widows had no time to carry out the normal mourning rites.
[78:65] 82 tn Heb “and the master awoke like one sleeping.” The
[78:65] 83 tn Heb “like a warrior overcome with wine.” The Hebrew verb רוּן (run, “overcome”) occurs only here in the OT. The phrase “overcome with wine” could picture a drunken warrior controlled by his emotions and passions (as in the present translation), or it could refer to a warrior who awakes from a drunken stupor.
[78:66] 84 tn Heb “a permanent reproach he made them.”
[78:69] 85 tc Heb “and he built like the exalting [ones] his sanctuary.” The phrase כְּמוֹ־רָמִים (kÿmo-ramim, “like the exalting [ones]”) is a poetic form of the comparative preposition followed by a participial form of the verb רוּם (rum, “be exalted”). The text should be emended to כִּמְרֹמִים (kimromim, “like the [heavenly] heights”). See Ps 148:1, where “heights” refers to the heavens above.
[78:69] 86 tn Heb “like the earth, [which] he established permanently.” The feminine singular suffix on the Hebrew verb יָסַד (yasad, “to establish”) refers to the grammatically feminine noun “earth.”
[78:71] 87 tn Heb “from after the ewes he brought him.”
[78:71] 88 tn Heb “to shepherd Jacob, his people, and Israel, his inheritance.”
[78:72] 89 tn Heb “He”; the referent (David, God’s chosen king, mentioned in v. 70) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[78:72] 90 tn Heb “and he shepherded them according to the integrity of his heart.”
[78:72] 91 tn Heb “and with the understanding of his hands he led them.”
[99:6] 92 tn Heb “among those who called on his name.”
[99:6] 93 tn Heb “those who.” The participle is in apposition to the phrase “those who called on his name” in the preceding line.
[63:7] 94 tn Heb “according to all which.”
[63:7] 95 tn Heb “greatness of goodness to the house of Israel which he did for them.”
[63:7] 96 tn Heb “according to.”
[63:8] 97 tn Heb “children [who] do not act deceitfully.” Here the verb refers to covenantal loyalty.
[63:9] 98 tn Heb “in all their distress, there was distress to him” (reading לוֹ [lo] with the margin/Qere).
[63:9] 99 tn Heb “the messenger [or “angel”] of his face”; NIV “the angel of his presence.”
[63:9] sn This may refer to the “angel of God” mentioned in Exod 14:19, who in turn may be identical to the divine “presence” (literally, “face”) referred to in Exod 33:14-15 and Deut 4:37. Here in Isa 63 this messenger may be equated with God’s “holy Spirit” (see vv. 10-11) and “the Spirit of the Lord” (v. 14). See also Ps 139:7, where God’s “Spirit” seems to be equated with his “presence” (literally, “face”) in the synonymous parallelistic structure.
[63:9] 100 tn Or “redeemed” (KJV, NAB, NIV), or “delivered.”
[63:9] 101 tn Heb “all the days of antiquity”; KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV “days of old.”
[63:10] 102 tn Or “grieved, hurt the feelings of.”
[63:10] 103 sn The phrase “holy Spirit” occurs in the OT only here (in v. 11 as well) and in Ps 51:11 (51:13 HT), where it is associated with the divine presence.
[63:11] 104 tn Heb “and he remembered the days of antiquity, Moses, his people.” The syntax of the statement is unclear. The translation assumes that “his people” is the subject of the verb “remembered.” If original, “Moses” is in apposition to “the days of antiquity,” more precisely identifying the time period referred to. However, the syntactical awkwardness suggests that “Moses” may have been an early marginal note (perhaps identifying “the shepherd of his flock” two lines later) that has worked its way into the text.
[63:11] 105 tn The Hebrew text has a plural form, which if retained and taken as a numerical plural, would probably refer to Moses, Aaron, and the Israelite tribal leaders at the time of the Exodus. Most prefer to emend the form to the singular (רָעָה, ra’ah) and understand this as a reference just to Moses.
[63:11] 106 sn See the note at v. 10.
[63:12] 107 tn Heb “who caused to go at the right hand of Moses the arm of his splendor.”
[63:12] 108 tn Heb “making for himself a lasting name.”
[63:13] 109 tn Heb “in the desert [or “steppe”].”
[63:14] 110 tn The words “to graze” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[63:14] 111 tn Or “so” (KJV, ASV), or “thus” (NAB, NRSV).
[63:14] 112 tn Heb “making for yourself a majestic name.”
[12:13] 113 tn Heb “by a prophet” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
[12:13] 114 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:13] 115 tn Heb “was protected”; NASB “was kept.” The verb שָׁמַר (shamar, “to watch, guard, keep, protect”) is repeated in 12:13-14 HT (12:12-13 ET). This repetition creates parallels between Jacob’s sojourn in Aram and Israel’s sojourn in the wilderness. Jacob “tended = kept” (שָׁמַר) sheep in Aram, and Israel was “preserved = kept” (נִשְׁמָר, nishmar) by Moses in the wilderness.
